NEWS HIGHLIGHTS
Theme : Bilateral, regional and global grouping involving India or affecting India’s interests etc
Paper : GS - 2
- The origin of the ideology of pan-Turkism dates back to the mid-19th century when campaigns for uniting Turkic people in Russia gained traction.
- Its geographic scope eventually became much wider, covering the huge spread of Turkic people from the “Balkans to the Great Wall of China.’’
- However,in the 20th century, the decline of Turkey began with the integration of Turkic people into other states.
TABLE OF CONTENT
- Context
- Turkish Ideology
- Issues faced by Turkey
- Current Problems in Turkey
- Stand of Turkey
- Russia-Turkey Relations
- Conclusion
Context : Turkey is at the center of regional diplomacy amid the Russia-Ukraine war.
Turkish Ideology :
- The origin of the ideology of pan-Turkism dates back to the mid-19th century when campaigns for uniting Turkic people in Russia gained traction.
- Its geographic scope eventually became much wider, covering the huge spread of Turkic people from the “Balkans to the Great Wall of China.’’
- However,in the 20th century, the decline of Turkey began with the integration of Turkic people into other states.
Issues faced by Turkey :
- Turkey is concerned about expanding ties between Greece and the United States: The deployment of U.S. military supplies on islands in the Aegean that are close to Turkey, in violation of several agreements, including Lausanne (1923)and Paris (1947).
- Cyprus and the East Mediterranean: The U.S. removed restrictions on defense supplies to Cyprus in response denying refueling and repair facilities to Russian naval vessels.
Current Problems in Turkey :
- Serious economic crises:with inflation well over 80%.
- Hostility and confrontation: Anti-Kurdish hostility and confrontations with Greece.
Stand of Turkey :
- Turkey concluded an energy agreement with the Tripoli-based Libyan government: For joint exploration of hydrocarbon resources in the East Mediterranean.
- It is the only NATO member, which can engage with Russia and mediate in the Ukraine war.
- Grain agreement: Turkey successfully negotiated the grain agreement with Russia and Ukraine.
Russia-Turkey Relations :
- Significant Russian investments and financial transfers to Turkish banks: including a $15 billion transfer from Russia’s nuclear company, to its Turkish partner.
- Turkey’s exports to Russia: It has increased 75% over the last year.
- It has emerged as a major importer of Russian energy:The Russian President has reciprocated by proposing that Turkey become a hub for supplies of Russian gas to Europe.
- Turkey has indicated its interest in membership of the SCO:In response to criticisms that this is an anti-West grouping.
Conclusion : Erdogan’s Foreign Policy reflects the usage of politics and geopolitics, mixed with strong elements of Ottoman glory.
FAQs :
1. What is the serious Economic Crisis faced by Turkey?
Answer : Serious economic crises with inflation well over 80%.
2. With whom did Turkey negotiate the Grain Agreement?
Answer : Turkey successfully negotiated the grain agreement with Russia and Ukraine.